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fearsome critters
In early lumberjack folklore, fearsome critters were mythical beasts that were said to inhabit the frontier wilderness of North America.〔Dorson, Richard M. ''Man and Beast in American Comic Legend.'' (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1982.)〕〔Leach, Maria. ''Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary Of Folklore, Mythology and Legend.'' (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1949.)〕〔South, Malcolm. ''Mythical and Fabulous Creatures: A Source Book and Research Guide.'' (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1984.)〕
== Origins ==
Fearsome critters were an integral part of oral tradition in North American lumber camps during the turn of the 20th century,〔 principally as a means to pass time (such as in tall tales)〔(Cox, William T. with Latin Classifications by George B. Sudworth. ''Fearsome Creatures of the Lumberwoods.'' Washington, D.C.: Judd & Detweiler Inc., 1910 )〕 or as a jest for hazing newcomers.〔( Tryon, Henry Harrington. ''Fearsome Critters.'' (Cornwall, NY: Idlewild Press, 1939) )〕 In a typical fearsome critter gag, a person would casually remark about a strange noise or sight they encountered in the wild; subsequently, another accomplice would join in. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper would begin to investigate, as Henry H. Tryon recorded in his book, ''Fearsome Critters'' (1939) —
Lumberjacks, who regularly traveled between camps, would stop to swap stories, eventually disseminating these myths across the continent.〔 Many fearsome critters were simply the products of pure exaggeration; while a number however, were used either seriously or jokingly as explanations for unexplained phenomena. For example, the hidebehind served to account for loggers who failed to return to camp,〔(Brown, C.E. ''Paul Bunyan Natural History.'' (Madison: self-published, 1935.) )〕〔Cohen, Daniel. ''Monsters, Giants, and Little Men from Mars: An Unnatural History of the Americas.'' (New York: Doubleday, 1975)〕 while the treesqueak offered justification for strange noises heard in the woods.〔 A handful mirrored descriptions of actual animals. The mangrove killifish, which takes up shelter in decaying branches after leaving the water,〔Derbyshire, David. (2007). “The fish that can survive for months in a tree.” Retrieved March 08, 2011, from ''MailOnline''. Web site: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-488193/The-fish-survive-months-tree.html〕 exhibits similarities to the upland trout, a mythical fish purported to nest in trees.〔Wyman, Walker D. ''Mythical Creatures of the USA and Canada.'' (River Falls, WI: Univ of Wisconsin Riverfalls Press,1978.)〕 In addition, the story of the fillyloo, about a mythical crane that flies upside-down, may have been inspired by observations of the wood stork, a bird that has been witnessed briefly flying in this manner.〔Randolph, Vance. ''We Always Lie to Strangers: Tall Tales from the Ozarks.'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.)〕 In particular instances more elaborate ruses were created using taxidermy〔Wisconsinosity. (2010). “Barron County: The Friendly Buckhorn Bar.” Retrieved March 09, 2011, from ''Wisconsinosity.com''. Web site: http://www.wisconsinosity.com/Barron/barron.htm〕 or trick photography.〔Wisconsin Historical Society. (2011). “Larger Than Life: Tall-Tale Postcards.” Retrieved March 09, 2011, from ''Wisconsin Historical Society''. Web site: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/feature/talltales/〕
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